Imbaraga za taurine zirenze ibyo utekereza!

Vuba aha, ubushakashatsi kuri taurine bwasohotse mu binyamakuru bitatu bikomeye bya Science, Cell, and Nature. Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje imikorere mishya ya taurine - kurwanya gusaza, kunoza ingaruka zo kuvura kanseri, no kurwanya umubyibuho ukabije.

Muri Kamena 2023, abashakashatsi bo mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuvuzi bw’Indwara mu Buhinde, Kaminuza ya Columbia muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, n’izindi nzego basohoye inyandiko mu kinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi cyitwa Science. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kubura taurine ari byo bituma umuntu asaza. Kongera taurine bishobora kugabanya gusaza kw’iminematode, imbeba, n’inguge, ndetse bishobora no kongera ubuzima bw’imbeba zo mu kigero cy’imyaka yo hagati ku kigero cya 12%. Ibisobanuro birambuye: Siyansi: Ingufu zirenze ibyo utekereza! Taurine ishobora kandi gusubiza inyuma gusaza no kongera igihe cyo kubaho?

Muri Mata 2024, Porofeseri Zhao Xiaodi, Porofeseri wungirije Lu Yuanyuan, Porofeseri Nie Yongzhan, na Porofeseri Wang Xin bo mu bitaro bya Xijing bya Kaminuza ya Kane y’Ubuvuzi ya Gisirikare basohoye inyandiko mu kinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi cyitwa Cell. Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko uturemangingo twa kanseri duhangana n’uturemangingo twa CD8+ T kugira ngo tubone taurine binyuze mu gukoresha cyane taurine transporter SLC6A6, ibi bikaba bitera urupfu rw’uturemangingo twa T no kunanirwa, bigatuma ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bugenda bugabanuka, bityo bigatuma ikibyimba kirushaho kwiyongera no kongera kugaragara, mu gihe kongera Taurine bishobora kongera gutuma uturemangingo twa CD8+ T twananiwe no kunoza uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri.

Ku ya 7 Kanama 2024, itsinda rya Jonathan Z. Long wo muri Kaminuza ya Stanford (Dr. Wei Wei ni we mwanditsi wa mbere) ryasohoye inyandiko y'ubushakashatsi yitwa: PTER ni N-acetyl taurine hydrolase igenga imirire n'umubyibuho ukabije mu kinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cya Nature.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwavumbuye hydrolase ya mbere ya N-acetyl taurine mu nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa PTER, kandi bwemeza uruhare runini rwa N-acetyl taurine mu kugabanya ibyo kurya no kurwanya umubyibuho ukabije. Mu gihe kizaza, birashoboka guteza imbere imiti igabanya umubyibuho ukabije kandi ikomeye.

Taurine iboneka cyane mu nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa mabere n'ibiribwa byinshi kandi iboneka cyane cyane mu nyamaswa zishyuha nk'umutima, amaso, ubwonko n'imitsi. Taurine byasobanuwe ko ifite imikorere ya pleiotropic mu turemangingo no mu mikorere ya fiziki, cyane cyane mu bijyanye na homeostasis ya metabolic. Kugabanuka kwa taurine mu ngirabuzimafatizo bituma imitsi idakora neza, ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri bugabanuka, ndetse no kudakora neza kwa mitochondrial mu nyamaswa nyinshi. Kongera taurine bigabanya umuvuduko wa redox mu mitochondrial, bikongera ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kandi bigabanya ibiro by'umubiri.

Ubushakashatsi ku binyabuzima n’imikorere ya taurine byakuruye ubushakashatsi bwinshi. Mu buryo bwa taurine, cysteine ​​​​ikorwa na cysteine ​​​​dioxygenase (CDO) na cysteine ​​​​sulfinate decarboxylase (CSAD) kugira ngo ikore hypotaurine, nyuma yaho Oxidation na flavin monooxygenase 1 (FMO1) ikora taurine. Byongeye kandi, cysteine ​​​​ishobora gukora hypotaurine binyuze mu nzira yindi ya cysteamine na cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO). Inyuma ya taurine ubwayo hari metabolite nyinshi za taurine, harimo taurocholate, tauramidine, na N-acetyl taurine. Enzyme imwe rukumbi izwiho gukurura izi nzira zo hasi ni BAAT, ihuza taurine na bile acyl-CoA kugira ngo ikore taurocholate n'indi myunyu ya bile. Uretse BAAT, imiterere y'izindi enzymes zihuza metabolite ya taurine ya kabiri ntabwo iramenyekana.

N-acetyltaurine (N-acetyltaurine) ni metabolite ya kabiri ya taurine ishimishije cyane ariko ntiyizwe neza. Igipimo cya N-acetyltaurine mu binyabutabire kigengwa n’ibintu byinshi bihungabanya umubiri byongera taurine cyangwa acetate flux, harimo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri yo kwihangana, kunywa inzoga, no kongeramo taurine mu ntungamubiri. Byongeye kandi, N-acetyltaurine ifite imiterere isa n’iya shimi ikoreshwa mu gutanga ibimenyetso birimo acetylcholine yo mu bwoko bwa neurotransmitter na acyltaurine y’ibinure bya N-muryano muremure igenga isukari mu maraso, bigaragaza ko ishobora no gukora nk’ikimenyetso cya metabolite. Ariko, imikorere ya biosynthesis, kwangirika, n’imikorere ishobora gukoreshwa ya N-acetyltaurine ntabwo isobanutse neza.

Muri ubu bushakashatsi buheruka, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryagaragaje PTER, enzyme y’imfubyi idafite imikorere itazwi, nk’inyabutabire nini y’inyamabere yitwa N-acetyl taurine hydrolase. Muri vitro, PTER ihuza ibinyabuzima yagaragaje imiterere mito n’imbogamizi zikomeye. Muri N-acetyl taurine, irahindurwamo taurine na acetate.

Gukuraho gene ya Pter mu mbeba bitera gutakaza burundu imikorere ya N-acetyl taurine hydrolytic mu ngirabuzimafatizo ndetse no kwiyongera k'umubare wa N-acetyl taurine mu ngirabuzimafatizo zitandukanye.

Imbuga za PTER zo mu bwoko bwa human locus zifitanye isano na body mass index (BMI). Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryagaragaje ko nyuma yo gukangurwa no kwiyongera k’urugero rwa taurine, imbeba za Pter knockout zagaragaje ko zirya bike kandi ko zirwanya umubyibuho ukabije uterwa n’indyo, ndetse zikongera ubushobozi bwa glucose homeostasis. Kongeramo N-acetyl taurine ku mbeba zo mu bwoko bwa wild bikabije nabyo byagabanyije ibyo kurya n’ibiro by’umubiri mu buryo bushingiye kuri GFRAL.

Aya makuru ashyira PTER ku gice cy'ingenzi cya enzyme ya taurine secondary metabolism kandi agaragaza uruhare rwa PTER na N-acetyl taurine mu kugenzura ibiro no kuringaniza ingufu.

Muri rusange, ubu bushakashatsi bwavumbuye acetyl taurine hydrolase ya mbere mu nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa PTER, kandi bwemeza uruhare runini rwa acetyl taurine mu kugabanya ibyo kurya no kurwanya umubyibuho ukabije. Mu gihe kizaza, byitezwe ko hazakorwa imiti ikomeye kandi itoranya PTER igabanya umubyibuho ukabije.