NAD+ yitwa kandi coenzyme, kandi izina ryayo ryuzuye ni nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Ni coenzyme y'ingenzi mu mikorere ya aside tricarboxylic. Itera imbere mu mikorere ya isukari, ibinure, na aside amine, igira uruhare mu gukora ingufu, kandi igira uruhare mu bikorwa byinshi by'ibanze muri buri turemangingo. Amakuru menshi y'ubushakashatsi agaragaza ko NAD+ igira uruhare runini mu bikorwa bitandukanye by'ibanze by'umubiri mu mubiri, bityo ikagira uruhare mu mikorere y'ingenzi y'uturemangingo nko gukora ingufu, gusana ADN, guhindura imiterere y'uturemangingo, kubyimba, imivuduko y'ibinyabuzima, no kurwanya stress.
Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bufatika, urugero rwa NAD+ mu mubiri w'umuntu ruzagabanuka uko imyaka igenda ishira. Kugabanuka k'urugero rwa NAD+ bishobora gutera kugabanuka k'imitsi, kubura amaso, umubyibuho ukabije, kugabanuka k'imikorere y'umutima n'ibindi bibazo by'imikorere. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kongera urugero rwa NAD+ mu mubiri w'umuntu bwagiye buhora ari ikibazo. Insanganyamatsiko y'ubushakashatsi ishyushye mu muryango w'abaganga b'indwara z'imiti.
Kuko, uko tugenda dusaza, ADN Ibyangiritse biriyongera. Mu gihe cyo gusana ADN, icyifuzo cya PARP1 kiriyongera, imikorere ya SIRT iba mike, ikoreshwa rya NAD+ ririyongera, kandi ingano ya NAD+ iragabanuka mu buryo busanzwe.
Umubiri wacu ugizwe n'uturemangingo tugera kuri tiriyari 37. Uturemangingo tugomba kurangiza "akazi" kenshi cyangwa ibikorwa byinshi by'uturemangingo - kugira ngo tubashe kwiyubaka. Buri turemangingo twawe turi tiriyari 37 twishingikiriza kuri NAD+ kugira ngo dukore akazi kayo gahoraho.
Uko abatuye isi bagenda bakura, indwara ziterwa no gusaza nka Alzheimer, indwara z'umutima, ibibazo by'ingingo, ibitotsi n'indwara z'umutima n'imitsi byabaye indwara zikomeye zibangamira ubuzima bw'abantu.
NAD+ urugero rw'uruhu rw'umuntu rugabanuka uko umuntu akura, hashingiwe ku bipimo byavuye mu ruhu rw'umuntu:
Ibisubizo by'ibipimo bigaragaza ko uko imyaka igenda yiyongera, NAD+ mu mubiri w'umuntu igenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro. None se ni iki gitera kugabanuka kwa NAD+?
Impamvu nyamukuru zituma NAD+ igabanuka ni: gusaza no kwiyongera k'ubukene bwa NAD+, ibyo bigatuma urugero rwa NAD+ rugabanuka mu ngingo nyinshi, harimo umwijima, imitsi yo mu magufwa, n'ubwonko. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imikorere mibi ya mitochondrial, stress ya oxidative hamwe no kubyimba bivugwa ko bigira uruhare mu bibazo by'ubuzima bifitanye isano n'izabukuru, bigatera uruhererekane rubi rw'ubuzima.
1. NAD+ ikora nka coenzyme muri mitochondria kugira ngo iteze imbere uburinganire bw'imikorere y'umubiri, NAD+ igira uruhare runini mu mikorere y'imikorere y'umubiri nka glycolysis, TCA cycle (izwi nka Krebs cycle cyangwa citric aside cycle) kandi uruhererekane rw'amashanyarazi, ni bwo buryo uturemangingo tubona ingufu. Gusaza no kurya indyo irimo karori nyinshi bigabanya urugero rwa NAD+ mu mubiri.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko mu mbeba zishaje, gufata inyongeramusaruro za NAD+ bigabanya ibiro bitewe n’indyo cyangwa gusaza ndetse binatuma ubushobozi bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri burushaho kwiyongera. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwahinduye ingaruka za diyabete mu mbeba z’ingore, bwerekana ingamba nshya zo kurwanya indwara z’imikorere mibi y’umubiri nk’umubyibuho ukabije.
NAD+ ifatana na enzymes kandi ikohereza electrons hagati ya molecules. Electrons ni zo shingiro ry'ingufu za selile. NAD+ ikora ku turemangingo nko kongera gusharija bateri. Iyo electrons zirangiye, bateri irapfa. Mu turemangingo, NAD+ ishobora guteza imbere kohereza electrons no gutanga ingufu ku turemangingo. Muri ubu buryo, NAD+ ishobora kugabanya cyangwa kongera imikorere ya enzymes, igateza imbere imikorere ya gene no gutanga ibimenyetso ku turemangingo.
NAD+ ifasha mu kugenzura kwangirika kwa ADN
Uko ibinyabuzima bigenda bisaza, ibintu bibi bidukikije nk'imirasire, umwanda, no gukora ADN mu buryo butari bwo bishobora kwangiza ADN. Iyi ni imwe mu nyigisho zivuga ku gusaza. Uturemangingo hafi ya twose tuba dufite "imashini zikoresha molekile" kugira ngo dusane iyi ndwara.
Uku gusana bisaba NAD+ n'ingufu, bityo kwangirika gukabije kwa ADN bitwara umutungo kamere w'uturemangingo. Imikorere ya PARP, poroteyine y'ingenzi yo gusana ADN, nayo iterwa na NAD+. Gusaza gusanzwe bituma kwangirika kwa ADN kwiyongera mu mubiri, RARP ikiyongera, bityo igipimo cya NAD+ kikagabanuka. Kwangirika kwa ADN ya Mitochondrial ku ntambwe iyo ari yo yose bizarushaho kwiyongera uku kugabanuka.
2. NAD+ igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'uturemangingo tw'ubuzima burambye twa Sirtuins kandi ikabuza gusaza.
Utunyangingo dushya twavumbuwe tuzwi nka "abarinda utwuma", tugira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ubuzima bw'utunyangingo. Utwuma duto twa Sirtuin ni umuryango w'imisemburo igira uruhare mu gusubiza ibibazo by'utunyangingo no gusana ibyangiritse. Nanone igira uruhare mu gusohora insuline, gusaza, n'indwara ziterwa no gusaza nk'indwara z'ubwonko na diyabete.
NAD+ ni lisansi ifasha sirtuins kugumana ubuziranenge bwa genome no guteza imbere gusana ADN. Nk'uko imodoka idashobora kubaho idafite lisansi, Sirtuins ikenera NAD+ kugira ngo ikore. Ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi ku nyamaswa bigaragaza ko kongera urugero rwa NAD+ mu mubiri bikoresha poroteyine za sirtuin kandi bikongera igihe cyo kubaho mu musemburo no mu mbeba.
3. Imikorere y'umutima
Kongera urugero rwa NAD+ birinda umutima kandi bikanatuma imikorere y'umutima irushaho kuba myiza. Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso ushobora gutera umutima kwiyongera no kuziba imitsi, ibyo bikaba byatera indwara yo gucika intege. Nyuma yo kongera urugero rwa NAD+ mu mutima binyuze mu nyongera za NAD+, kwangirika k'umutima guterwa no kongera amaraso birahagarikwa. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko inyongera za NAD+ zirinda imbeba kwaguka k'umutima kudasanzwe.
4. Kwangirika kw'ubwonko
Ku mbeba zirwaye indwara ya Alzheimer, kongera urugero rwa NAD+ byongera imikorere y’ubwonko binyuze mu kugabanya ubwiyongere bwa poroteyine zibangamira itumanaho ry’ubwonko. Kongera urugero rwa NAD+ kandi birinda uturemangingo tw’ubwonko gupfa iyo nta maraso ahagije atembera mu bwonko. NAD+ isa nkaho ifite icyizere gishya mu kurinda kwangirika kw’imitsi no kunoza kwibuka.
5. Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
Uko tugenda dusaza, ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bugabanuka kandi turushaho kwibasirwa n'indwara. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko urugero rwa NAD+ rugira uruhare runini mu kugena uburyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukora, ububyimbirwe, ndetse no kubaho kw'uturemangingo mu gihe cy'ubusaza. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ubushobozi bwa NAD+ mu kuvura indwara zidakora neza z'umubiri.
6. Kugenzura imikorere y'umubiri (metabolism)
Kurwanya ibyangiritse bya ogisijeni
NAD+ ishobora gufasha gutinda gusaza igabanya ingaruka z'ububyimbirwe, ikagenzura uburyo umubiri uhora utera ubushyuhe, ikarinda uturemangingo kwangirika, igakomeza gukora neza mu mikorere y'umubiri.
7. Bifasha mu gukumira ibibyimba
NAD+ ishobora kandi gukumira no kuvura indwara ya leukopenia iterwa no gukoresha imiti ikoresheje imirasire na chimiotherapie, kongera ubushobozi bwo kudakira imiti iterwa no gukoresha antibodies za PD-1/PD-L1 igihe kirekire, no kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukora uturemangingo twa T no kwica ikibyimba.
8. Kunoza imikorere y'intanga ngore
Igipimo cya NAD+ mu ntanga ngore z'abagore kigabanuka bitewe n'imyaka. Kongera ingano ya NAD+ bishoborakunoza imikorere ya mitochondrial y'intanga ngore,kugabanya urugero rw'umwuka wa ogisijeni mu matungo asaza, no gutinda gusaza kw'intanga ngore.
9. Kunoza ubwiza bw'ibitotsi
NAD+ ishobora kunoza ubusumbane bw'imitsi yo mu ijoro, kunoza ubwiza bw'ibitotsi, no guteza imbere ibitotsi binyuze mu kugena isaha y'umubiri.
Ingingo zitandukanye z'umubiri ntizibaho ukwazo. Imibanire n'imikoranire hagati yazo biri hafi cyane kurusha uko tubitekereza. Ibintu bivanwa n'ingirabuzimafatizo bishobora kwimurwa ahantu hose mu mubiri mu kanya gato; amakuru y'imiti itera indwara zo mu bwonko yoherezwa vuba nk'inkuba. Uruhu rwacu, nk'uruzitiro rw'umubiri wose, ni rwo rugaragara imbere mu rugamba kandi rushobora kwibasirwa n'ibikomere bitandukanye. Iyo izi mvune zidashobora gukosorwa, hazakurikiraho ibibazo bitandukanye nko gusaza.
Ubwa mbere, gusaza k'uruhu biherekezwa n'impinduka nyinshi ku rwego rw'uturemangingo n'uturemangingo, zishobora koherezwa mu zindi ngingo cyangwa ingingo binyuze mu nzira zitandukanye.
Urugero, inshuro uturemangingo twa p16-positive (ikimenyetso cy'ubusaza) mu ruhu bifitanye isano ryiza n'ibimenyetso by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, bivuze ko imyaka y'umubiri y'uruhu ishobora guhanura ubusaza bw'umubiri ku rugero runaka. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko uturemangingo twa ruhu dushobora guhanura neza imyaka y'urutonde rw'ibihe, bishimangira neza isano iri hagati y'uruhu n'ubusaza bw'umubiri.
Inyandiko zabanje zavuze ko gusaza mu ngingo zitandukanye z'umubiri bidahuza, kandi uruhu rushobora kuba ari rwo rugingo rwa mbere rugaragaza ibimenyetso byo gusaza. Dukurikije isano iri hagati yo gusaza k'uruhu n'izindi ngingo z'umubiri, abantu bafite impamvu zo gukeka ko gusaza k'uruhu bishobora gutera gusaza k'umubiri wose.
Gusaza k'uruhu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko binyuze mu mikorere y'imisemburo
Gusaza k'uruhu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mubiri wose binyuze mu gice cya hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA). Uruhu si imbogamizi gusa, rufite n'imikorere ya neuroendocrine kandi rushobora gusubiza ibintu bikurura ibidukikije no gusohora imisemburo, neuropeptides n'ibindi bintu.
Urugero, imirasire ya ultraviolet ishobora gutuma uturemangingo tw'uruhu dusohora imisemburo itandukanye n'ibindi bintu bitera ubushyuhe, nka cortisol na cytokines. Ibi bintu bishobora gukora sisitemu ya HPA mu ruhu. Gukora k'umurongo wa HPA bituma hypothalamus isohora imisemburo ya corticotropin-releasing (CRH). Ibi binatera imisemburo ya pituitary y'imbere gusohora imisemburo ya adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), amaherezo bigatuma imisemburo ya adrenal isohora imisemburo ya stress nka cortisol. Cortisol ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bice byinshi by'ubwonko, harimo na hippocampus. Kugaragara cyane muri cortisol cyangwa gukira cyane bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y'imitsi no ku buryo ikora neza muri hippocampus. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya hippocampus no ku buryo ubwonko bukora neza.
Uku gutumanaho hagati y’umubiri n’ubwonko bigaragaza ko gusaza bishobora guterwa n’ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije, bibanza gutera ingaruka ku ruhu hanyuma bigatera ingaruka ku bwonko binyuze mu muyoboro wa HPA, bigatera ibibazo mu mubiri nko kugabanuka k’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza no kwiyongera k’ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umutima n’imitsi.
Uturemangingo tw’uruhu dusohora SASP tugatera ububyimbirwe butera gusaza n’indwara ziterwa no gusaza
Gusaza k'uruhu bishobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku mubiri wose binyuze mu gutuma habaho ububyimbirwe no gusaza kw'umubiri. Uturemangingo tw'uruhu dusaza dusohora ikintu cyitwa "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP), kirimo ubwoko butandukanye bwa cytokines na matrix metalloproteinases. SASP ikora neza mu buryo bw'umubiri. Ishobora kurwanya ibidukikije byangiza inyuma mu turemangingo dusanzwe. Ariko, uko imikorere y'umubiri igabanuka, gusohora kwa SASP cyane bishobora gutera ububyimbirwe mu mubiri no gutera imikorere mibi y'uturemangingo duturanye, harimo uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri n'uturemangingo tw'imbere mu mubiri. Iyi mimerere yo kubyimbirwa ku rwego rwo hasi ifatwa nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi gitera indwara nyinshi ziterwa n'izabukuru.
Koenzyme igira uruhare mu itunganywa ry’ibintu by’ingenzi nk’isukari, ibinure na poroteyine mu mubiri w’umuntu, kandi igira uruhare runini mu kugena imikorere y’umubiri n’ingufu ndetse no kubungabunga imikorere isanzwe y’umubiri.NAD ni coenzyme y'ingenzi cyane mu mubiri w'umuntu, yitwa kandi coenzyme ya mbere. Igira uruhare mu bikorwa ibihumbi by'imikorere ya redox enzyme mu mubiri w'umuntu. Ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu mikorere ya buri turemangingo. Ifite imirimo myinshi, imirimo y'ingenzi ni iyi:
1. Guteza imbere ikorwa ry'ingufu zikomoka ku binyabuzima
NAD+ ikora ATP binyuze mu guhumeka kw'uturemangingo, yongera ingufu z'uturemangingo kandi ikanoza imikorere y'uturemangingo;
2. Gusana imiterere y'uturemangingo (genes)
NAD+ niyo substrate yonyine ikoreshwa mu gusana ADN enzyme PARP. Ubu bwoko bwa enzyme bugira uruhare mu gusana ADN, bufasha gusana ADN n'uturemangingo twangiritse, bugabanya amahirwe yo guhinduka kw'uturemangingo, kandi bukarinda kanseri;
3. Koresha poroteyine zose ziramba
NAD+ ishobora gukora poroteyine zose 7 zo kuramba, bityo NAD+ igira ingaruka zikomeye ku kurwanya gusaza no kongera igihe cyo kubaho;
4. Kongera imbaraga mu mikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
NAD+ ikomeza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kandi ikongera ubudahangarwa bw'uturemangingo binyuze mu kugira ingaruka ku kubaho no ku mikorere y'uturemangingo twa T dushinzwe kugenzura.
Igishimishije ni uko gusaza bijyana no kugabanuka gukomeye kw'urugero rwa NAD+ mu turemangingo no mu turemangingo mu turemangingo dutandukanye, harimo imbeba n'abantu. Kugabanuka kw'urugero rwa NAD+ bifitanye isano n'indwara nyinshi zijyanye no gusaza, harimo kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, kanseri, indwara z'imikorere y'umubiri, sarcopenia, n'ubugwari.
Nta ngano itagira ingano ya NAD+ mu mubiri wacu. Ingano n'imikorere ya NAD+ mu mubiri w'umuntu bizagabanuka uko umuntu asaza, kandi bizagabanuka vuba nyuma y'imyaka 30, bigatera gusaza kw'uturemangingo, apoptosis no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kongera kumera neza.
Byongeye kandi, kugabanuka kwa NAD+ bizatera ibibazo byinshi by’ubuzima, bityo niba NAD+ idashobora kongera kuzura ku gihe, ingaruka zishobora kwirengagizwa.
Inyongera ikomoka ku biribwa
Ibiribwa nka amashu, broccoli, avoka, inyama, ibihumyo, na edamame birimo NAD+ precursors, bishobora guhinduka NAD* ikora mu mubiri nyuma yo kwinjiza.
Kugabanya indyo n'ibiryo bikomoka ku karori
Kugabanya karori mu rugero bishobora gutuma inzira zo kumenya ingufu mu turemangingo no kongera urugero rwa NAD* mu buryo butaziguye. Ariko menya neza ko urya indyo yuzuye kugira ngo uhuze n'ibyo umubiri wawe ukeneye mu mirire.
Komeza kugenda no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri
Imyitozo ngororamubiri iringaniye nko kwiruka no koga ishobora kongera urugero rwa NAD+ mu ngirabuzimafatizo, igafasha kongera umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri no kunoza imikorere y’ingufu.
Kurikiza ingeso nziza zo gusinzira
Mu gihe cyo gusinzira, umubiri w'umuntu ukora ibikorwa byinshi by'ingenzi byo gutunganya no gusana, harimo no gukora NAD*. Gusinzira bihagije bifasha kugumana urugero rusanzwe rwa NAD*
05 Inyongera ya NAD+ ibikomoka ku bintu bibanziriza
Abantu bakurikira ntibashobora kuvurwa
Abantu bafite imikorere mibi y'impyiko, abakorerwa dialyse, abarwayi b'igicuri, abagore batwite, abagore bonsa, abana, abarimo kuvurwa kanseri, abafata imiti, n'abafite amateka yo kugira allergie, nyamuneka gisha inama muganga wawe.
Q: Inyongeramusaruro za NAD+ zikoreshwa mu ki?
Inyongeramusaruro ya A: NAD+ ni inyongeramusaruro y’imirire ikungahaye kuri coenzyme NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). NAD+ igira uruhare runini mu mikorere y’ingufu no gusana uturemangingo mu turemangingo.
Q: Ese koko inyongeramusaruro za NAD+ zirakora?
A: Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko inyongeramusaruro za NAD+ zishobora gufasha kunoza imikorere y’ingufu z’uturemangingo no kugabanya igihe cyo gusaza.
Q: Ni izihe mbogamizi zikomoka ku mirire ya NAD+?
A: Inkomoko y'imirire ya NAD+ irimo inyama, amafi, ibikomoka ku mata, ibishyimbo, imbuto z'ubunyobwa n'imboga. Ibi biribwa birimo niacinamide na niacin nyinshi, zishobora guhinduka NAD+ mu mubiri.
Q: Nigute nahitamo inyongeramusaruro ya NAD+?
A: Mu gihe uhitamo inyongeramusaruro za NAD+, ni byiza kubanza gushaka inama kwa muganga cyangwa inzobere mu by'imirire kugira ngo usobanukirwe ibyo ukeneye mu mirire n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze. Byongeye kandi, hitamo ikirango cyemewe, urebe ibikoresho by'umuti n'ingano yawo, kandi ukurikize amabwiriza y'ingano iri ku gice cy'umuti.
Icyitonderwa: Iyi nkuru ni iy'amakuru rusange gusa kandi ntigomba gufatwa nk'inama iyo ari yo yose y'ubuvuzi. Amwe mu makuru yo kuri blog aturuka kuri interineti kandi si ay'umwuga. Uru rubuga rufite inshingano zo gutondeka, gutunganya no gutunganya ingingo gusa. Intego yo gutanga amakuru menshi ntibivuze ko wemera ibitekerezo byarwo cyangwa ngo wemeze ukuri kw'ibikubiye muri rwo. Buri gihe gisha inama umuhanga mu by'ubuzima mbere yo gukoresha inyongeramusaruro cyangwa guhindura uburyo bwawe bwo kwita ku buzima.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-06-2024
