Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’impfu za kanseri ku bantu bakuru zishobora kwirindwa binyuze mu guhindura imibereho no kubaho neza, nk’uko ubushakashatsi bushya bwakozwe n’Umuryango w’Abanyamerika ushinzwe kurwanya kanseri bubivuga. Ubu bushakashatsi bw’ingenzi bugaragaza ingaruka zikomeye z’ibintu bishobora guhinduka ku iterambere rya kanseri no ku iterambere ryayo. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bigaragaza ko abantu bagera kuri 40% by’abantu bakuru bo muri Amerika bafite imyaka 30 kuzamura bashobora kurwara kanseri, bityo bikaba ari ngombwa gusobanukirwa uruhare rw’uburyo bwo guhitamo imibereho mu kwirinda kanseri no guteza imbere ubuzima muri rusange.
Dr. Arif Kamal, umuyobozi mukuru w’abarwayi mu Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika rishinzwe kurwanya kanseri, yashimangiye akamaro k’impinduka zifatika mu buzima bwa buri munsi kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo kurwara kanseri. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ibintu byinshi by’ingenzi bishobora guhindurwa, aho kunywa itabi ari byo bitera indwara za kanseri n’impfu. Mu by’ukuri, kunywa itabi byonyine ni byo bituma hafi umuntu umwe muri batanu barwara kanseri n’umuntu umwe muri batatu bapfa na kanseri. Ibi bigaragaza ko hakenewe cyane ingamba zo guhagarika kunywa itabi no gushyigikira abantu bifuza kureka iyi ngeso mbi.
Uretse kunywa itabi, izindi mpamvu zikomeye zitera ibyago birimo kuba umuntu ubyibushye cyane, kunywa inzoga nyinshi, kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri, guhitamo nabi indyo, ndetse n'indwara nka HPV. Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza isano iri hagati y'ibintu bitera imibereho n'ingaruka zabyo ku byago bya kanseri. Mu gukemura ibi bintu bishobora guhinduka, abantu bashobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura kanseri no kunoza ubuzima bwabo muri rusange.
Ubushakashatsi, isesengura ryimbitse ry’ibintu 18 bishobora guhinduka ku bwoko 30 butandukanye bwa kanseri, rigaragaza ingaruka zitangaje z’uburyo umuntu yahitamo imibereho ye ku ndwara ya kanseri n’impfu. Mu 2019 gusa, ibi bintu byabaye imbarutso y’abarwayi bashya barenga 700.000 ba kanseri n’impfu zirenga 262.000. Aya makuru agaragaza ko hakenewe cyane uburezi n’ubufasha mu gutanga ubufasha kugira ngo abantu bahabwe ubushobozi bwo gufata ibyemezo bifatika ku buzima bwabo n’imibereho myiza yabo.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kanseri iterwa no kwangirika kwa ADN cyangwa impinduka mu ntungamubiri mu mubiri. Nubwo ibintu bigize imiterere y’umubiri n’ibidukikije nabyo bigira uruhare, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibintu bishobora guhinduka ari byo bituma habaho umubare munini w’abandura kanseri n’impfu. Urugero, kwibasirwa n’izuba bishobora kwangiza ADN no kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’uruhu, mu gihe imisemburo ikorwa n’uturemangingo tw’ibinure ishobora gutanga intungamubiri ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri.
Kamal yavuze ko kanseri ikura bitewe nuko ADN yangiritse cyangwa ifite intungamubiri. Hari izindi mpamvu, nk'ibintu bigize imiterere y'umubiri cyangwa ibidukikije, zishobora no kugira uruhare muri izi ndwara, ariko ingaruka zishobora guhinduka zisobanura umubare munini w'abandura kanseri n'impfu kurusha izindi mpamvu zizwi. Urugero, kwibasirwa n'izuba bishobora kwangiza ADN no gutera kanseri y'uruhu, kandi uturemangingo tw'ibinure dukora imisemburo ishobora gutanga intungamubiri kuri kanseri zimwe na zimwe.
Kamal yagize ati: “Nyuma yo kurwara kanseri, abantu bakunze kumva badafite ubushobozi bwo kwigenzura.” “Abantu batekereza ko ari amahirwe mabi cyangwa uturemangingo twiza, ariko abantu bakeneye ubushobozi bwo kugenzura no gushyiraho ingamba.”
Ubushakashatsi bushya bwerekana ko kanseri zimwe na zimwe zoroshye kwirinda kurusha izindi. Ariko muri kanseri 19 muri 30 zasuzumwe, abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'abanduye bashya batewe n'ibintu bishobora guhinduka.
Nibura 80% by'abarwayi bashya ba kanseri 10 bashobora guterwa n'ibintu bishobora guhinduka, harimo abarenga 90% by'abarwayi ba melanoma bafitanye isano n'imirasire ya ultraviolet ndetse n'abagera kuri bose ba kanseri y'inkondo y'umura bafitanye isano n'ubwandu bwa HPV, bashobora kwirinda binyuze mu rukingo.
Kanseri y'ibihaha ni yo ndwara ifite umubare munini w'abarwayi baterwa n'ibintu bishobora guhinduka, aho abagabo barenga 104.000 bandura naho abagore barenga 97.000 bandura, kandi inyinshi muri zo zifitanye isano no kunywa itabi.
Nyuma yo kunywa itabi, umubyibuho ukabije ni yo mpamvu ya kabiri itera kanseri, ikaba ingana na 5% by'abandura bashya mu bagabo na hafi 11% by'abandura bashya mu bagore. Ubushakashatsi bushya bwagaragaje ko umubyibuho ukabije ufitanye isano n'impfu zirenga kimwe cya gatatu zikomoka kuri kanseri y'inkondo y'umura, kanseri y'agasabo, umwobo, umwijima n'impyiko.
Ubundi bushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwagaragaje ko abantu bafataga imiti izwi cyane yo kugabanya ibiro no kugabanya ibiro nka Ozempic na Wegovy bafite ibyago bike cyane byo kurwara kanseri zimwe na zimwe.
“Mu buryo bumwe, umubyibuho ukabije ni mubi ku bantu nk’uko kunywa itabi byangiza ubuzima,” ibi byavuzwe na Dr. Marcus Plescia, umuyobozi mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’abakozi ba leta n’abo mu nzego z’ibanze, utari muri ubu bushakashatsi bushya ariko akaba yaranabukozeho binyuze muri gahunda zo kwirinda kanseri.
Plessia yavuze ko kwivanga mu bintu bitandukanye bishobora gutera imyitwarire mibi - nko kureka kunywa itabi, kurya neza no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri - bishobora "guhindura cyane indwara zidakira n'ingaruka zabyo." Kanseri ni imwe muri izo ndwara zidakira, nk'indwara z'umutima cyangwa diyabete.
Abashyiraho politiki n'abashinzwe ubuzima bagomba gukora kugira ngo "bashyireho ibidukikije byorohereza abantu kandi bigatuma ubuzima buba amahitamo yoroshye," yavuze. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku bantu batuye mu miryango itishoboye amateka, aho bishobora kuba atari byiza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kandi ububiko burimo ibiryo byiza bushobora kutaboneka byoroshye.
Impuguke zivuga ko uko igipimo cy’indwara ya kanseri itangira vuba muri Amerika kigenda cyiyongera, ni ngombwa cyane cyane kugira ingeso nziza hakiri kare. Iyo utangiye kunywa itabi cyangwa ugabanye ibiro wiyongera, kureka kunywa itabi biragorana.
Ariko Plescia yagize ati: “Ntabwo bitinda cyane gukora izi mpinduka. Guhindura (imyitwarire y’ubuzima) mu gihe kizaza bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.”
Impuguke zivuga ko guhindura imibereho bigabanya guhura n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri vuba cyane.
Kamal yagize ati: “Kanseri ni indwara umubiri urwana nayo buri munsi mu gihe cy’igabanyuka ry’uturemangingo. Ni ingorane uhura nazo buri munsi, bivuze ko kuyigabanya bishobora no kukugirira akamaro buri munsi.”
Ingaruka z'ubu bushakashatsi ni nyinshi cyane kuko zigaragaza ubushobozi bwo kwirinda indwara binyuze mu guhindura imibereho. Mu gushyira imbere imibereho myiza, kugabanya ibiro, n'ubuzima bwiza muri rusange, abantu bashobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri mu buryo bwimazeyo. Ibi birimo kurya indyo yuzuye kandi ifite intungamubiri, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ihoraho, kugira ibiro byiza no kwirinda ingeso mbi nko kunywa itabi no kunywa inzoga nyinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 15 Nyakanga-2024
