Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'intanga ngore? Ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi bigize?

Spermidine ni polyamine yingenzi igaragara cyane mubinyabuzima kandi ikagira uruhare mubikorwa bitandukanye byibinyabuzima nko gukwirakwiza selile, gutandukanya na apoptose. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwuburyo bwa synthesis yintanga: biosynthesis, synthesis chimique na synthesis enzymatique. Buri buryo bufite ibyiza byihariye nibibi hamwe nibisabwa.

Biosynthesis ninzira nyamukuru ya synthesis yintanga, ubusanzwe ikorwa binyuze murukurikirane rwimikorere ya selile. Biosynthesis ya spermine ahanini biterwa na metabolism ya acide amine, cyane cyane lysine na arginine. Ubwa mbere, lysine ihindurwamo aside aminobutyric (Putrescine) na lysine decarboxylase, hanyuma aside aminobutyric ikomatanya na aside amine ikorwa na synthase yintanga kugirango amaherezo ibe intanga. Byongeye kandi, synthesis ya spermine nayo irimo metabolism yizindi polyamine, nka putrescine (Cadaverine) na spermine (Spermine). Imihindagurikire yibintu bya polyamine mu ngirabuzimafatizo bizagira ingaruka ku ntangangabo.

Sintezike yimiti nuburyo bukoreshwa muguhuza intanga muri laboratoire. Ibinyabuzima byoroheje bisanzwe bihinduka intanga ngabo binyuze mumiti. Inzira rusange ya synthesis ya chimique itangirira kuri acide ya amino hanyuma amaherezo ikabona intanga ngabo binyuze murukurikirane rwa esterification, kugabanya no kwifata. Ibyiza byubu buryo nuko bishobora gukorwa mugihe cyagenzuwe, ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa buri hejuru, kandi bukwiranye nubushakashatsi buto bwa laboratoire. Nyamara, synthesis ya chimique isanzwe isaba gukoresha ibishishwa kama na catalizator, bishobora kugira ingaruka runaka kubidukikije.

Synthesis ya Enzymatique nuburyo bushya bwa synthesis yuburyo bwakozwe mumyaka yashize, bukoresha enzyme-catalizike yihariye yo guhuza intanga ngabo. Ibyiza byubu buryo nuburyo bworoshye bwo kwitwara, guhitamo cyane, no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Binyuze mu buhanga bwa tekinoroji, intanga ngabo zishobora kuboneka, bityo bikazamura imikorere ya synthesis. Synthesis ya Enzymatique ifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoresha mubikorwa byinganda, cyane cyane mubijyanye na biomedicine ninyongeramusaruro.

Ibintu nyamukuru bigize intanga ngabo ni polyamine, harimo intanga, putrescine na triamine. Imiterere ya molekile ya spermine irimo amatsinda menshi ya amino na imino, kandi ifite ibikorwa byibinyabuzima bikomeye. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko intanga ngabo zigira uruhare runini mu gukwirakwiza selile, kurwanya okiside, no kurwanya gusaza. Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye ko intanga ngabo nazo zifitanye isano rya bugufi no kubaho no gutera indwara zitandukanye, nka kanseri, indwara z'umutima n'imitsi, n'indwara zifata ubwonko. Kubwibyo, synthesis hamwe nogukoresha intanga ngabo byakuruye abantu benshi.

Mubikorwa bifatika, intanga ntizishobora gukoreshwa gusa nka reagent yubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima, ariko kandi nkibintu byongera ibiryo nibigize ubuzima. Mugihe abantu bitaye cyane kubuzima, isoko ryintanga ngabo riragenda ryiyongera. Mugutezimbere uburyo bwa synthesis yintanga, umusaruro wacyo nubuziranenge birashobora kwiyongera, nigiciro cyumusaruro kirashobora kugabanuka, bityo bigateza imbere ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye.

Muri rusange, uburyo bwo guhuza intanga ngabo burimo cyane cyane biosynthesis, synthesis chimique na synthesis enzymatique. Buri buryo bufite ibyiza byihariye hamwe nibisabwa. Ubushakashatsi bw'ejo hazaza bushobora kwibanda ku kunoza imikorere ya synthesis, kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije no kwagura aho bikoreshwa. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya siyanse nikoranabuhanga, guhuza no gukoresha intanga ngabo bizana amahirwe mashya yiterambere.