Kuki wagakwiye kugura ifu ya Spermidine? Ibyiza by'ingenzi byasobanuwe

Spermidine,izwi kandi nka spermidine, ni ikintu cya triamine polyamine kiboneka cyane mu bimera nk'ingano, soya, n'ibirayi, udukoko nka lactobacilli na bifidobacteria, ndetse n'uturemangingo tw'inyamaswa dutandukanye. Spermidine ni hydrocarbon ifite igikanka cya karuboni gifite ishusho ya zigzag kigizwe na atome 7 za karuboni n'amatsinda ya amine ku mpera zombi no hagati.

Ubushakashatsi bwa none bwagaragaje ko spermidine igira uruhare mu bikorwa by'ingenzi by'ubuzima nko gukora ADN y'ingirabuzimafatizo, kwandika mRNA, no guhindura poroteyine, ndetse no mu bikorwa byinshi byo kuvura indwara nko kurinda umubiri imihangayiko no gukora imikorere y'umubiri. Ifite uburinzi bw'umutima n'imitsi, irwanya ikibyimba, kandi ikagenzura ububyimbirwe, nibindi. Umurimo w'ingenzi mu buzima.

Spermidine ifatwa nk'ikintu gikomeye gitera autophagy, inzira yo kongera gukoresha ingirabuzimafatizo aho uturemangingo dushaje twivugurura kandi tukongera gukora. Spermidine igira uruhare runini mu mikorere y'uturemangingo no kubaho kwatwo. Mu mubiri, spermidine ikorwa bivuye kuri putrescine, ari na yo ibanziriza indi polyamine yitwa spermine, nayo ikaba ingenzi mu mikorere y'uturemangingo.

Spermidine na putrescine bitera autophagy, uburyo busenya imyanda yo mu ngirabuzimafatizo kandi bugasubiza ibice by’uturemangingo mu buryo buboneye, kandi ni uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa mitochondria, imbaraga z’uturemangingo. Autophagy irasenya kandi ikajugunya mitochondria yangiritse cyangwa ifite inenge, kandi gutabwa muri mitochondria ni inzira igenzurwa cyane. Polyamines zishobora gufatana n’ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bwa molekile, bigatuma zikora ibintu byinshi bitandukanye. Zishyigikira inzira nko gukura kw’uturemangingo, kudahinduka kwa ADN, kwiyongera kw’uturemangingo, no kugabanuka kw’uturemangingo. Polyamines zisa nkaho zikora kimwe n’ibintu bikura mu gihe cy’igabanyuka ry’uturemangingo, ari nayo mpamvu putrescine na spermidine ari ingenzi mu mikurire n’imikorere y’uturemangingo tuzima.

Abashakashatsi biga uburyo spermidine irinda uturemangingo ku mvune ziterwa n’uturemangingo, zishobora kwangiza uturemangingo ndetse zikanatera indwara zitandukanye. Basanze spermidine ikora autophagy. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje uturemangingo twinshi tw’ingenzi twibasirwa n’uturemangingo, tugabanya stress ziterwa na oxidative kandi tugateza imbere autophagy muri utwo turemangingo. Byongeye kandi, basanze gufunga inzira ya mTOR, ubusanzwe igira uruhare mu kubuza autophagy, byarushijeho kunoza uburyo spermidine irinda.

Ni ibihe biribwa birimo spermidine nyinshi?

Spermidine ni polyamine y'ingenzi. Uretse kuba ikorwa n'umubiri w'umuntu ubwawo, amasoko yayo menshi y'ibiribwa n'udukoko two mu mara nabyo ni inzira y'ingenzi yo kubitanga. Ingano y'spermidine mu biribwa bitandukanye iratandukanye cyane, aho ingano ari isoko y'ibimera izwi cyane. Izindi mboga zikomoka ku mirire zirimo grapefruit, ibikomoka kuri soya, ibishyimbo, ibigori, ibinyampeke byuzuye, amashaza, urusenda rw'icyatsi, broccoli, amacunga, icyayi cy'icyatsi, umuceri w'ibishyimbo n'urusenda rw'icyatsi kibisi. Byongeye kandi, ibiryo nka shiitake mushrooms, imbuto za amaranth, cauliflower, foromaje ikuze na durian nabyo birimo spermidine.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko indyo yo mu Nyanja ya Mediterane irimo ibiryo byinshi bikungahaye ku ntanga z'amaraso, bishobora gufasha gusobanura ikibazo cy' "ahantu h'ubururu" aho abantu babaho igihe kirekire mu duce tumwe na tumwe. Ariko, ku bantu badashobora gufata intanga z'amaraso zihagije binyuze mu mirire, inyongera z'amaraso z'amaraso ni ubundi buryo bwiza. Inyongera z'amaraso z'amaraso muri izi nyongera ni imwe mu buryo busanzwe, bigatuma iba ubundi buryo bwiza.

Putrescine ni iki?

Ikorwa rya putrescine rigizwe n'inzira ebyiri, zombi zitangirana na aside amine arginine. Mu nzira ya mbere, arginine ibanza guhindurwamo agmatine iterwa imbaraga na arginine decarboxylase. Nyuma yaho, agmatine irushaho guhindurwamo N-carbamoylputrescine binyuze mu gikorwa cya agmatine iminohydroxylase. Amaherezo, N-carbamoylputrescine ihindurwamo putrescine, ikarangiza inzira yo guhinduka. Inzira ya kabiri iroroshye, ihindura arginine muri ornithine mu buryo butaziguye, hanyuma igahindura ornithine muri putrescine binyuze mu gikorwa cya ornithine decarboxylase. Nubwo izi nzira zombi zifite intambwe zitandukanye, zombi amaherezo zigera ku ihinduka kuva kuri arginine kugera kuri putrescine.

Putrescine ni diamine iboneka mu ngingo zitandukanye nka pancreas, thymus, uruhu, ubwonko, nyababyeyi n'intanga ngore. Putrescine ikunze kuboneka mu biribwa nk'ingano, urusenda rw'icyatsi, soya, pistachios, n'amacunga. Ubushakashatsi buherutse bwerekanye ko putrescine ari ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kugenzura imikorere y'umubiri gishobora gukorana n'uturemangingo duto tw'ibinyabuzima nka ADN, RNA, ligands zitandukanye (nk'uduce twa β1 na β2 adrenergic), na poroteyine zo mu ruhu, biganisha ku mpinduka nyinshi mu mubiri cyangwa mu miterere y'umubiri.

Ingaruka za Spermidine

Ingufu zirwanya ogisijeni: Spermidine ifite imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya ogisijeni kandi ishobora gukorana n’ingufu zirwanya ogisijeni kugira ngo igabanye kwangirika kwa ogisijeni ku turemangingo duterwa na ogisijeni zirwanya ogisijeni. Mu mubiri, spermidine ishobora kandi guteza imbere ikorwa rya enzymes zirwanya ogisijeni no kongera ubushobozi bwa ogisijeni.

Kugenzura imikorere y'ingufu: Spermidine igira uruhare mu kugenzura imikorere y'ingufu z'ibinyabuzima, ishobora guteza imbere uburyo isukari ikoreshwa n'ikoreshwa nyuma yo kurya, kandi igira ingaruka ku gipimo cy'imikorere y'ingufu z'umubiri n'imikorere y'ingufu z'umubiri zidafite umwuka mwiza binyuze mu kugenzura imikorere y'ingufu za mitochondrial.

ingaruka zo kurwanya ububyimbirwe

Spermidine ifite ingaruka zo kurwanya ububyimbirwe kandi ishobora kugenzura igaragara ry'ibintu bitera ububyimbirwe no kugabanya ububyimbirwe budakira. Ifitanye isano cyane cyane n'inzira ya nucleotique-κB (NF-κB).

Gukura, iterambere no kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Spermidine kandi igira uruhare runini mu mikurire, iterambere no kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Ishobora guteza imbere ikorwa ry'imisemburo ikura mu mubiri w'umuntu no gufasha mu iterambere ry'ingingo zitandukanye z'umubiri. Muri icyo gihe, mu kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, spermidine yongera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ku barwayi ba virusi n'indwara binyuze mu kugenzura ikorwa ry'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera no guteza imbere gukuraho ubwoko bwa ogisijeni bukora neza.

Gutinda gusaza: Spermidine ishobora gutuma umubiri ugenda uhindura ingirabuzimafatizo, ikaba ari igikorwa cyo gusukura uturemangingo, bigafasha gukuraho uturemangingo twangiritse n'amaporoteyine, bityo bigatinda gusaza.

Kugenzura uturemangingo twa Glial: Spermidine igira uruhare runini mu kugenzura uturemangingo twa Glial. Ishobora kugira uruhare mu mikorere y’uturemangingo no mu mikoranire y’uturemangingo tw’imitsi, kandi igira uruhare runini mu kugenzura iterambere ry’uturemangingo tw’imitsi, kohereza kwa synaptic, no kurwanya indwara z’imitsi.

Kurinda umutima: Mu rwego rw'imitsi n'amaraso, spermidine ishobora kugabanya ubwiyongere bw'ibinure mu maraso, ikagabanya hypertrophy y'umutima, kandi ikanoza imikorere ya diastolic, bityo ikarinda umutima. Byongeye kandi, kurya spermidine mu ndyo byongera umuvuduko w'amaraso kandi bikagabanya indwara z'umutima n'impfu.

Mu 2016, ubushakashatsi bwasohotse muri Atherosclerosis bwemeje ko spermidine ishobora kugabanya ukwiyongera kwa lipide mu miyoboro ya atherosclerotic plaques. Muri uwo mwaka, ubushakashatsi bwasohotse muri Nature Medicine bwemeje ko spermidine ishobora kugabanya hypertrophy y'umutima no kunoza imikorere ya diastolic, bityo ikarinda umutima kandi ikongera igihe cyo kubaho cy'imbeba.

Kunoza indwara ya Alzheimer

Gufata spermidine ni ingirakamaro ku mikorere y'ubwonko bw'umuntu. Itsinda rya Porofeseri Reinhart wo muri Ositaraliya ryasanze uburyo bwo kuvura spermidine bushobora kunoza imikorere y'ubwonko bw'abageze mu za bukuru. Ubushakashatsi bwakoresheje igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo bworoshye bwo gupima abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, maze bushyira mu byiciro 85 abageze mu za bukuru mu bigo 6 byita ku bageze mu za bukuru, bagabanyijwemo amatsinda abiri mu buryo butunguranye kandi bakoresha ibipimo bitandukanye bya spermidine. Imikorere yabo yo gutekereza yasuzumwe binyuze mu isuzuma ry'ubwonko, igabanywamo amatsinda ane: nta dementia, dementia yoroheje, dementia iringaniye n'ihungabana rikomeye. Ingero z'amaraso zakusanyijwe kugira ngo hasuzumwe ingano ya spermidine mu maraso yabo. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko ingano ya spermidine yari ifitanye isano rikomeye n'imikorere y'ubwonko mu itsinda ritari iry'abantu bafite dementia, kandi urwego rw'ubwonko rw'abageze mu za bukuru bafite dementia yoroheje kugeza iringaniye rwazamutse cyane nyuma yo gufata spermidine nyinshi.

Autophagy

Spermidine ishobora guteza imbere autophagy, nk'inzira yo gukumira mTOR (target of rapamycin). Mu guteza imbere autophagy, ifasha gukuraho organelles na poroteyine zangiritse mu turemangingo kandi igatuma uturemangingo tugumana ubuzima bwiza.

Spermidine hydrochloride ikoreshwa mu bintu bitandukanye

Mu rwego rw'imiti, spermidine hydrochloride ikoreshwa nk'umuti urinda umwijima ushobora kunoza imikorere y'umwijima no kugabanya kwangirika k'umwijima. Byongeye kandi, spermidine hydrochloride ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara nka cholesterol nyinshi, hypertriglyceridemia, n'indwara z'umutima n'imitsi.

Spermidine hydrochloride ikora mu kugabanya urugero rwa homocysteine ​​​​mu maraso (Hcy), bityo ikagabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko spermidine hydrochloride ishobora guteza imbere metabolism ya Hcy no kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi binyuze mu kugabanya urugero rwa Hcy mu maraso.

Ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka za spermidine hydrochloride ku ngaruka z’indwara z’umutima n’imitsi bwagaragaje ko spermidine hydrochloride ishobora kugabanya urugero rwa Hcy mu maraso, bityo bikagabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umutima n’imitsi. Muri ubwo bushakashatsi, abashakashatsi bagabanyije abitabiriye amahugurwa mu matsinda abiri, rimwe rihabwa inyongeramusaruro ya spermidine hydrochloride n’irindi rihabwa placebo.

Ibisubizo by’ubushakashatsi byagaragaje ko abitabiriye inama bahawe inyongeramusaruro ya spermidine hydrochloride bari bafite urugero rwa Hcy rwo mu maraso rwagabanutse cyane kandi ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umutima n’imitsi bigabanuka cyane. Byongeye kandi, hari ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekana uruhare rwa spermidine hydrochloride mu kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umutima n’imitsi.

Mu rwego rw'ibiribwa, spermidine hydrochloride ikoreshwa nk'inyongeramusaruro n'umuti wongera uburyohe bw'ibiryo no kubungabunga ubushuhe bw'ibiryo. Byongeye kandi, spermidine hydrochloride ishobora no gukoreshwa nk'inyongeramusaruro mu biryo kugira ngo yongere umuvuduko wo gukura n'ubwiza bw'imitsi y'amatungo.

Mu bijyanye n'ubwiza, spermidine hydrochloride ikoreshwa nk'umuti urinda ubushuhe n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kugira ngo igumane ubushuhe bw'uruhu kandi igabanye kwangirika kw'uruhu. Byongeye kandi, spermidine hydrochloride ishobora no gukoreshwa mu mavuta yo kwisiga izuba kugira ngo igabanye kwangirika kw'imirasire ya ultraviolet ku ruhu.

Mu rwego rw'ubuhinzi, spermidine hydrochloride ikoreshwa nk'igenzura ry'imikurire y'ibimera kugira ngo iteze imbere imikurire y'ibihingwa no kongera umusaruro.